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Summary

This study aims to create a fire hazard map for Bardia National Park (BNP) in Nepal's western Terai region. The fire hazard zonation model was developed using four sub-models based on nine selected parameters relevant to fire risk assessment and data availability. Remotely sensed data and Geographic Information System (GIS) were utilized for model preparation and validation. The output map was validated using active fire points recorded by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2001 to May 2014 within BNP. High fire risk areas were identified along the southern boundary, northeast, and northwest parts of the park, covering approximately 5% of the park area. Additionally, 31% of the park area was classified as a high-risk zone, and 31.43% as a medium-risk zone.

The validation process using MODIS active fire data yielded consistent results with the predicted risk classes. The study suggests that this model can be applied to create fire hazard zonation maps and preparedness plans for similar areas to BNP. Preventive and control measures in BNP should prioritize high-risk areas through preparedness initiatives, awareness campaigns, and capacity building for firefighting teams. Reducing surface fuel load and fuel continuity, particularly during the pre-fire season (December to February), can significantly reduce the occurrence and damage caused by wildfires.